understanding how elevator work

 

Elevators can actually work in two main ways, depending on the type of building and desired features:

1. Traction Elevators:

in explination of Elevators mechanism of action we have to mention These are the most common in tall buildings, using a system of cables, pulleys, and a powerful electric motor.

Motor and Sheave: An electric motor at the top of the shaft (or in a machine room) turns a large metal wheel called a sheave.

Cables and Counterweight: Strong steel cables are wrapped around the sheave and connect to the elevator car on one end and a counterweight on the other. The counterweight is roughly equal in weight to the empty car, balancing the system and reducing energy needed.

Raising and Lowering: When the motor turns the sheave one way, it winds the cables, pulling the car upwards. To descend, the motor reverses direction, and the counterweight's weight helps lower the car smoothly.

Control System: A sophisticated computer system controls the motor's speed and direction, responding to button presses and ensuring safe operation.

2. Hydraulic Elevators:

These are common in low-rise buildings (typically up to 6 stories) and use a piston and cylinder system instead of cables.

Cylinder and Piston: A large cylinder extends deep below the shaft. A piston inside the cylinder moves up and down, pushing the elevator car on top.

Hydraulic Pump: A hydraulic pump pushes oil into the cylinder to raise the piston and car. To lower the car, the oil is released from the cylinder.

Control System: Similar to traction elevators, a computer system controls the pump and ensures safe operation.

Additional Safety Features:

• Brakes: Multiple sets of brakes engage automatically if the cable breaks or the car overspeeds.
• Safety Governor: A separate system with weights detects sudden increases in speed and triggers the brakes if necessary.
• Door Sensors: Sensors prevent the doors from closing if someone or something is in the way.

No matter the type, all elevators from different elevators company are designed with safety and reliability in mind, employing multiple redundant systems to ensure smooth, efficient, and secure vertical transportation.

I hope this explanation clarifies how elevators work! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask.